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Science 13 June 1997:
Vol. 276. no. 5319, pp. 1699 - 1702
DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5319.1699
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Reports

Epilepsy and Exacerbation of Brain Injury in Mice Lacking the Glutamate Transporter GLT-1

Kohichi Tanaka, * Kei Watase, Toshiya Manabe, Keiko Yamada, Masahiko Watanabe, Katsunobu Takahashi, Hisayuki Iwama, Toru Nishikawa, Nobutsune Ichihara, Tateki Kikuchi, Shigeru Okuyama, Naoya Kawashima, Seiji Hori, Misato Takimoto, Keiji Wada

Extracellular levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the nervous system are maintained by transporters that actively remove glutamate from the extracellular space. Homozygous mice deficient in GLT-1, a widely distributed astrocytic glutamate transporter, show lethal spontaneous seizures and increased susceptibility to acute cortical injury. These effects can be attributed to elevated levels of residual glutamate in the brains of these mice.

K. Tanaka, K. Watase, K. Wada, Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo 187, Japan.
T. Manabe, Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113 Japan.
K. Yamada and M. Watanabe, Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060, Japan.
K. Takahashi, H. Iwama, T. Nishikawa, Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo 187, Japan.
N. Ichihara and T. Kikuchi, Department of Animal Models for Human Disease, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo 187, Japan.
S. Okuyama and N. Kawashima, 1st Laboratory, Medicinal Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Ohmiya-shi, Saitama 330, Japan.
S. Hori and M. Takimoto, International Research Laboratories, Ciba-Geigy Japan, 10-66, Miyuki-cho, Takarazuka 665, Japan.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tanaka{at}ncnaxp.ncnp.go.jp

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   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mind Glue: Implications of Glial Cell Biology for Psychiatry.
J. T. Coyle and R. Schwarcz (2000)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 57, 90-93
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Compromised Glutamate Transport in Human Glioma Cells: Reduction-Mislocalization of Sodium-Dependent Glutamate Transporters and Enhanced Activity of Cystine-Glutamate Exchange.
Z.-C. Ye, J. D. Rothstein, and H. Sontheimer (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 10767-10777
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A conserved serine-rich stretch in the glutamate transporter family forms a substrate-sensitive reentrant loop.
D. J. Slotboom, I. Sobczak, W. N. Konings, and J. S. Lolkema (1999)
PNAS 96, 14282-14287
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glutamate Induces Rapid Upregulation of Astrocyte Glutamate Transport and Cell-Surface Expression of GLAST.
S. Duan, C. M. Anderson, B. A. Stein, and R. A. Swanson (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 10193-10200
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differentiation of Substrate and Nonsubstrate Inhibitors of the High-Affinity, Sodium-Dependent Glutamate Transporters.
H. P. Koch, M. P. Kavanaugh, C. S. Esslinger, N. Zerangue, J. M. Humphrey, S. G. Amara, A. R. Chamberlin, and R. J. Bridges (1999)
Mol. Pharmacol. 56, 1095-1104
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Effects of Hypothermia on a Cloned Human Brain Glutamate Transporter (hGLT-1) Expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells: -[3H]L-Glutamate Uptake Study.
F. Sakai and K. Amaha (1999)
Anesth. Analg. 89, 1546
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Glutamate Transporters Contribute to the Time Course of Synaptic Transmission in Cerebellar Granule Cells.
L. S. Overstreet, G. A. Kinney, Y.-B. Liu, D. Billups, and N. T. Slater (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 9663-9673
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glutamate transporters in kidney and brain.
M. A. Hediger (1999)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 277, F487-F492
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neurotransmitter Transporters in the Central Nervous System.
J. Masson, C. Sagne, M. Hamon, and S. E. Mestikawy (1999)
Pharmacol. Rev. 51, 439-464
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Three-Dimensional Relationships between Hippocampal Synapses and Astrocytes.
R. Ventura and K. M. Harris (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 6897-6906
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Seizure-Induced Cell Death Produced by Repeated Tetanic Stimulation In Vitro: Possible Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Stores.
M. R. Pelletier, J. S. Wadia, L. R. Mills, and P. L. Carlen (1999)
J Neurophysiol 81, 3054-3064
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Structural Features of the Glutamate Transporter Family.
D. J. Slotboom, W. N. Konings, and J. S. Lolkema (1999)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63, 293-307
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Expression of the GLT-1 Subtype of Na+-Dependent Glutamate Transporter: Pharmacological Characterization and Lack of Regulation by Protein Kinase C.
J. Tan, O. Zelenaia, D. Correale, J. D. Rothstein, and M. B. Robinson (1999)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 289, 1600-1610
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Nontransportable Inhibitors Attenuate Reversal of Glutamate Uptake in Synaptosomes Following a Metabolic Insult.
H. P. Koch, A. R. Chamberlin, and R. J. Bridges (1999)
Mol. Pharmacol. 55, 1044-1048
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Optical Detection of Synaptically Induced Glutamate Transport in Hippocampal Slices.
S. Kojima, T. Nakamura, T. Nidaira, K. Nakamura, N. Ooashi, E. Ito, K. Watase, K. Tanaka, K. Wada, Y. Kudo, et al. (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 2580-2588
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two serine residues of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 are crucial for coupling the fluxes of sodium and the neurotransmitter.
Y. Zhang and B. I. Kanner (1999)
PNAS 96, 1710-1715
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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