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Science 26 January 1996:
Vol. 271. no. 5248, pp. 505 - 508
DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5248.505
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Reports

Molecular Cloning and Disease Association of Hepatitis G Virus: A Transfusion-Transmissible Agent

Jeff Linnen,  John Wages Jr.,  Zhen-Yong Zhang-Keck,  Kirk E. Fry,  Krzysztof Z. Krawczynski,  Harvey Alter,  Eugene Koonin,  Margaret Gallagher,  Miriam Alter,  Stephanos Hadziyannis,  Peter Karayiannis,  Kevin Fung,  Yoshiyuki Nakatsuji,  J. Wai-Kuo Shih,  Lavonne Young,  Michael Piatak Jr.,  Cameron Hoover,  John Fernandez,  Stacie Chen,  Jian-Chao Zou,  Timothy Morris,  Kenneth C. Hyams,  Susan Ismay,  Jeffrey D. Lifson,  Georg Hess,  Steven K. H. Foung (1),  Howard Thomas,  Daniel Bradley,  Harold Margolis,  Jungsuh P. Kim (2)

An RNA virus, designated hepatitis G virus (HGV), was identified from the plasma of a patient with chronic hepatitis. Extension from an immunoreactive complementary DNA clone yielded the entire genome (9392 nucleotides) encoding a polyprotein of 2873 amino acids. The virus is closely related to GB virus C (GBV-C) and distantly related to hepatitis C virus, GBV-A, and GBV-B. HGV was associated with acute and chronic hepatitis. Persistent viremia was detected for up to 9 years in patients with hepatitis. The virus is transfusion-transmissible. It has a global distribution and is present within the volunteer blood donor population in the United States.


J. Linnen, J. Wages Jr, Z.-Y. Zhang-Keck, K. E. Fry, K. Fung, L. Young, M. Piatak Jr, C. Hoover, J. Fernandez, S. Chen, J.-C. Zou, J. D. Lifson, S. K. H. Foung, J. P. Kim, Genelabs Technologies, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
K. Z. Krawczynski, M. Gallagher, M. Alter, T. Morris, H. Margolis, Hepatitis Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
H. Alter, Y. Nakatsuji, J. W.-K. Shih, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20205, USA.
E. Koonin, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
S. Hadziyannis, Academic Department of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
P. Karayiannis and H. Thomas, Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
K. C. Hyams, Naval Medical Research Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
S. Ismay, New South Wales Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Sydney, Australia.
G. Hess, Boehringer Mannheim GmbM, D68305 Mannheim, Germany.
D. Bradley, 2938 Kelly Court, Lawrenceville, GA 30244, USA.
(1) Present address: Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
(2) To whom correspondence should be addressed.


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J. Virol. 72, 4541-4545
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Hepatitis G Virus (GB-C Virus) Particles: Evidence for a Nucleocapsid and Expression of Sequences Upstream of the E1 Protein.
J. Xiang, D. Klinzman, J. McLinden, W. N. Schmidt, D. R. LaBrecque, R. Gish, and J. T. Stapleton (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 2738-2744
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Detection of Hepatitis G Virus Replication Sites by Using Highly Strand-Specific Tth-Based Reverse Transcriptase PCR.
T. Laskus, M. Radkowski, L.-F. Wang, H. Vargas, and J. Rakela (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 3072-3075
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of an Autonomous Subgenomic Pestivirus RNA Replicon.
S.-E. Behrens, C. W. Grassmann, H.-J. Thiel, G. Meyers, and N. Tautz (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 2364-2372
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis G Virus Infection in Amerindians and Other Venezuelan High-Risk Groups.
F. H. Pujol, Y. E. Khudyakov, M. Devesa, M.-E. Cong, C. L. Loureiro, L. Blitz, F. Capriles, S. Beker, F. Liprandi, and H. A. Fields (1998)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 470-474
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Lack of association between hepatitis G virus and multiple sclerosis.
S SAULEDA, J RIO, X MONTALBAN, E MARTINEZ-CACERES, J. ESTEBAN, and J GUARDIA (1998)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 64, 283-284
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The Incidence and Natural Course of Transfusion-Associated GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus Infection in a Cohort of Thalassemic Patients.
D. Prati, A. Zanella, P. Bosoni, P. Rebulla, E. Farma, C. De Mattei, C. Capelli, F. Mozzi, D. Gallisai, C. Magnano, et al. (1998)
Blood 91, 774-777
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Past and present hepatitis G virus infections in areas where hepatitis C is highly endemic and those where it is not endemic [In Process Citation].
E Tanaka, M Tacke, M Kobayashi, Y Nakatsuji, K Kiyosawa, S Schmolke, A. Engel, G Hess, and H. Alter (1998)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 110-114
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Detection of hepatitis G virus RNA in persons with and without known risk factors for blood-borne viral infections in Sweden and Honduras [In Process Citation].
C Lara, R Halasz, A Sonnerborg, and M Sallberg (1998)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 255-257
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Comparison of six sets of PCR primers from two different genomic regions for amplification of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus RNA [In Process Citation].
A Andonov, C Sauder, H Jacobsen, and R Chaudhary (1998)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 286-289
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Hepatitis G Virus Encodes Protease Activities Which Can Effect Processing of the Virus Putative Nonstructural Proteins.
A. S. Belyaev, S. Chong, A. Novikov, A. Kongpachith, F. R. Masiarz, M. Lim, and J. P. Kim (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 868-872
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis G virus infection in chronic liver disease.
M Guilera, J C Saiz, F X Lopez-Labrador, E Olmedo, S Ampurdanes, X Forns, J Bruix, A Pares, J M Sanchez-Tapias, M T J. de Anta, et al. (1998)
Gut 42, 107-111
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis G virus infection in primary Sjogren's syndrome: analysis in a series of 100 patients.
J. Font, D. Tàssies, M. García-Carrasco, M. Ramos-Casals, R. Cervera, J. C. Reverter, J. M. Sánchez-Tapias, R. Mazzara, and M. Ingelmo (1998)
Ann Rheum Dis 57, 42-44
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Immunopathogenesis of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Diseases.
C. Galperin and M. E. Gershwin (1997)
JAMA 278, 1946-1955
   Abstract »    PDF »
High Rates of Hepatitis G Virus Infection in Multitransfused Patients With Hemophilia.
F. De Filippi, M. Colombo, M. G. Rumi, F. Tradati, D. Prati, A. Zanella, and P.M. Mannucci (1997)
Blood 90, 4634-4637
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis G virus infection in fulminant hepatic failure.
J C Saiz, M Sans, A Mas, E Olmedo, X Forns, F X Lopez-Labrador, J C Restrepo, J Costa, J M Salmeron, M Guilera, et al. (1997)
Gut 41, 696-699
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Natural History of GBV-C/Hepatitis G Virus Infection Through the Follow-Up of GBV-C/Hepatitis G Virus-Infected Blood Donors and Recipients Studied by RNA Polymerase Chain Reaction and Anti-E2 Serology.
J.-J. Lefrere, P. Loiseau, J. Maury, J. Lasserre, M. Mariotti, N. Ravera, J. Lerable, G. Lefevre, L. Morand-Joubert, and R. Girot (1997)
Blood 90, 3776-3780
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis GB virus-C/hepatitis G virus infection in liver disease.
I. Nagata, N. Tzampouras, S. Chokshi, N. V Naoumov, P. Cheeseman, H. M Smith, A. J Baker, R. Williams, and G. Mieli-Vergani (1997)
Arch. Dis. Child. 77, 223-226
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Molecular biological methods in diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
H. J. Worman (1997)
Clin. Chem. 43, 1476-1486
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
History of posttransfusion hepatitis.
L. H. Tobler and M. P. Busch (1997)
Clin. Chem. 43, 1487-1493
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hepatitis C and G Virus Infection and Liver Dysfunction After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: Results From a Prospective Study.
E. Rodriguez-Inigo, J.-F. Tomas, V. Gomez-Garcia de Soria, J. Bartolome, I. Pinilla, M.-J. Amaro, V. Carreno, and J.-M. Fernandez-Ranada (1997)
Blood 90, 1326-1331
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prevalence of Hepatitis G Virus in Patients With Aplastic Anemia.
H.-P. Kiem, D. Myerson, R. Storb, G. B. McDonald, C. L. Spurgeon, and W. Leisenring (1997)
Blood 90, 1335-1336
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Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
W. L. Peterson and W. M. Lee (1997)
JAMA 277, 1858-1860
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