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Science 26 January 1996:
Vol. 271. no. 5248, pp. 505 - 508
DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5248.505
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Reports

Molecular Cloning and Disease Association of Hepatitis G Virus: A Transfusion-Transmissible Agent

Jeff Linnen,  John Wages Jr.,  Zhen-Yong Zhang-Keck,  Kirk E. Fry,  Krzysztof Z. Krawczynski,  Harvey Alter,  Eugene Koonin,  Margaret Gallagher,  Miriam Alter,  Stephanos Hadziyannis,  Peter Karayiannis,  Kevin Fung,  Yoshiyuki Nakatsuji,  J. Wai-Kuo Shih,  Lavonne Young,  Michael Piatak Jr.,  Cameron Hoover,  John Fernandez,  Stacie Chen,  Jian-Chao Zou,  Timothy Morris,  Kenneth C. Hyams,  Susan Ismay,  Jeffrey D. Lifson,  Georg Hess,  Steven K. H. Foung (1),  Howard Thomas,  Daniel Bradley,  Harold Margolis,  Jungsuh P. Kim (2)

An RNA virus, designated hepatitis G virus (HGV), was identified from the plasma of a patient with chronic hepatitis. Extension from an immunoreactive complementary DNA clone yielded the entire genome (9392 nucleotides) encoding a polyprotein of 2873 amino acids. The virus is closely related to GB virus C (GBV-C) and distantly related to hepatitis C virus, GBV-A, and GBV-B. HGV was associated with acute and chronic hepatitis. Persistent viremia was detected for up to 9 years in patients with hepatitis. The virus is transfusion-transmissible. It has a global distribution and is present within the volunteer blood donor population in the United States.


J. Linnen, J. Wages Jr, Z.-Y. Zhang-Keck, K. E. Fry, K. Fung, L. Young, M. Piatak Jr, C. Hoover, J. Fernandez, S. Chen, J.-C. Zou, J. D. Lifson, S. K. H. Foung, J. P. Kim, Genelabs Technologies, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
K. Z. Krawczynski, M. Gallagher, M. Alter, T. Morris, H. Margolis, Hepatitis Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
H. Alter, Y. Nakatsuji, J. W.-K. Shih, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20205, USA.
E. Koonin, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
S. Hadziyannis, Academic Department of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
P. Karayiannis and H. Thomas, Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
K. C. Hyams, Naval Medical Research Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
S. Ismay, New South Wales Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Sydney, Australia.
G. Hess, Boehringer Mannheim GmbM, D68305 Mannheim, Germany.
D. Bradley, 2938 Kelly Court, Lawrenceville, GA 30244, USA.
(1) Present address: Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
(2) To whom correspondence should be addressed.


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The 5' untranslated region of GB virus B shows functional similarity to the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis C virus.
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J. Gen. Virol. 80, 2337-2341
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Structural Constraints on RNA Virus Evolution.
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R Halasz, L Barkholt, C Lara, C Hultgren, Y Ando, U Broome, B Fischler, A Nemeth, B-G Ericzon, A Sonnerborg, et al. (1999)
Gut 44, 274-278
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Persistence and Clinical Outcome of Hepatitis G Virus Infection in Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients and Children Treated for Hematological Malignancy.
M. Yamada-Osaki, R. Sumazaki, M. Tsuchida, K. Koike, T. Fukushima, and A. Matsui (1999)
Blood 93, 721-727
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Increased prevalence of markers of GBV-C/HGV infection in a selected cohort of haemodialysis patients negative for other blood-borne viruses.
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 14, 255-256
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Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis G Virus.
T. Miura, S. Takayama, M. Taki, and K. Shimotohno (1998)
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Hepatitis G Virus RNA and Hepatitis G Virus-E2 Antibodies in Dutch Hemophilia Patients in Relation to Transfusion History.
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Identification of Hepatitis G Virus Particles in Human Serum by E2-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Generated by DNA Immunization.
S. Schmolke, M. Tacke, U. Schmitt, A. M. Engel, and B. Ofenloch-Haehnle (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 4541-4545
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Characterization of Hepatitis G Virus (GB-C Virus) Particles: Evidence for a Nucleocapsid and Expression of Sequences Upstream of the E1 Protein.
J. Xiang, D. Klinzman, J. McLinden, W. N. Schmidt, D. R. LaBrecque, R. Gish, and J. T. Stapleton (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 2738-2744
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Detection of Hepatitis G Virus Replication Sites by Using Highly Strand-Specific Tth-Based Reverse Transcriptase PCR.
T. Laskus, M. Radkowski, L.-F. Wang, H. Vargas, and J. Rakela (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 3072-3075
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Characterization of an Autonomous Subgenomic Pestivirus RNA Replicon.
S.-E. Behrens, C. W. Grassmann, H.-J. Thiel, G. Meyers, and N. Tautz (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 2364-2372
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Hepatitis G Virus Infection in Amerindians and Other Venezuelan High-Risk Groups.
F. H. Pujol, Y. E. Khudyakov, M. Devesa, M.-E. Cong, C. L. Loureiro, L. Blitz, F. Capriles, S. Beker, F. Liprandi, and H. A. Fields (1998)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 470-474
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Lack of association between hepatitis G virus and multiple sclerosis.
S SAULEDA, J RIO, X MONTALBAN, E MARTINEZ-CACERES, J. ESTEBAN, and J GUARDIA (1998)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 64, 283-284
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The Incidence and Natural Course of Transfusion-Associated GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus Infection in a Cohort of Thalassemic Patients.
D. Prati, A. Zanella, P. Bosoni, P. Rebulla, E. Farma, C. De Mattei, C. Capelli, F. Mozzi, D. Gallisai, C. Magnano, et al. (1998)
Blood 91, 774-777
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Past and present hepatitis G virus infections in areas where hepatitis C is highly endemic and those where it is not endemic [In Process Citation].
E Tanaka, M Tacke, M Kobayashi, Y Nakatsuji, K Kiyosawa, S Schmolke, A. Engel, G Hess, and H. Alter (1998)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 110-114
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