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Science 24 December 1999:
Vol. 286. no. 5449, pp. 2531 - 2534
DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5449.2531
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Reports

Photic Induction of mPer1 and mPer2 in Cry-Deficient Mice Lacking a Biological Clock

Hitoshi Okamura, 1* Shigeru Miyake, 1 Yasuo Sumi, 1 Shun Yamaguchi, 1 Akira Yasui, 2 Manja Muijtjens, 3 Jan H. J. Hoeijmakers, 3 Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst 3

Mice lacking mCry1 and mCry2 are behaviorally arrhythmic. As shown here, cyclic expression of the clock genes mPer1 and mPer2 (mammalian Period genes 1 and 2) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral tissues is abolished and mPer1 and mPer2 mRNA levels are constitutively high. These findings indicate that the biological clock is eliminated in the absence of both mCRY1 and mCRY2 (mammalian cryptochromes 1 and 2) and support the idea that mammalian CRY proteins act in the negative limb of the circadian feedback loop. The mCry double-mutant mice retain the ability to have mPer1 and mPer2 expression induced by a brief light stimulus known to phase-shift the biological clock in wild-type animals. Thus, mCRY1 and mCRY2 are dispensable for light-induced phase shifting of the biological clock.

1 Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
2 Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
3 MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, Post Office Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: okamurah{at}kobe-u.ac.jp

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