This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 5 February 2010: 621.
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Editorial:
Ensuring Integrity in Science

Ralph J. Cicerone
Science 5 February 2010: 624.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 5 February 2010: 625.
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Gordon Research Conferences

Science 5 February 2010: 708-734.
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Science Podcast

Science 5 February 2010: 734.
The show includes High-frequency graphene transistors, bat echolocation strategies, the 2011 U.S. science budget, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

New Products

Science 5 February 2010: 734.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

U.S. Budget
Science Spared From Domestic Spending Freeze—for Now

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 5 February 2010: 628-630.
Despite his pledge to freeze domestic discretionary spending in an attempt to shrink a $1.6 trillion deficit, President Barack Obama has asked Congress to boost science spending next year across the federal government. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

U.S. Budget
Obama Shakes Up Satellite Programs For Clearer Picture of Earth

Eli Kintisch
Science 5 February 2010: 629.
More money to study climate change is a central element in the president's 2011 budget, and much of that science will be done in orbit. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Facilities
New Korean Science City Caught in Political Crossfire

Dennis Normile
Science 5 February 2010: 630.
Plans for a new $34 billion Korean science city inched forward last week when the South Korean administration unveiled enabling legislation that will eventually go to the National Assembly. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Scientific Publishing
Publications and Expats Warn Of Russia's Dangerous Decline

Daniel Clery
Science 5 February 2010: 631.
Last week, information provider Thomson Reuters released an analysis* of worldwide scientific publications that shows that Russia's research output has continued to slide since the demise of the Soviet Union. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceInsider
From the Science Policy Blog

Science 5 February 2010: 631.
ScienceInsider has analyzed the Administration's budget proposals for individual agencies in a series of postings throughout the week, among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Conservation
Big Battle Brewing Over Elephants at Upcoming CITES Meeting

Erik Stokstad
Science 5 February 2010: 632.
Wildlife advocates and scientists are concerned that a proposed sale of elephant tusks may spur even more poaching of the animals in Africa. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Evolution
'Toadness' a Key Feature for Global Spread of These Amphibians

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 5 February 2010: 633.
On page 679 of this week's issue of Science, researchers reveal what enabled some toads to leave South America, where the first toads originated, for places far afield. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceNOW.org
From Science's Online Daily News Site

Science 5 February 2010: 633.
ScienceNOW reported this week on altruistic chimpanzees, a master blueprint for making stars, how carnations conquered Europe, and the shocking truth about running shoes, among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Random Samples

Science 5 February 2010: 627.
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News Focus

Relief Among The Rubble

Leslie Roberts
Science 5 February 2010: 634-637.
A network of tropical disease experts in Haiti pulled off a remarkable relief effort as a group of their colleagues miraculously survived the 12 January earthquake. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

The Long Battle Against a Horrific Disease

Leslie Roberts
Science 5 February 2010: 636-637.
When the earthquake devastated Port-au-Prince and the surrounding area on 12 January, a long-running program to combat lymphatic filariasis was gearing up for a major assault on this devastating disease. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Rebuilding
From the Bottom Up

Sam Kean
Science 5 February 2010: 638-639.
Haiti needs robust buildings that cost little and are acceptable to locals. Can scientists provide them? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Agroforestry
Greening Haiti, Tree by Tree

Ann Gibbons
Science 5 February 2010: 640-641.
Haiti desperately needs trees, now more than ever. But how best to plant them in a nation whose forests are all but gone? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Predators Could Help Save Pollock

Bruce Wright
Science 5 February 2010: 642.
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 Religiosity Tied to Socioeconomic Status

Gregory S. Paul
Science 5 February 2010: 642.
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 Savannas Need Protection

Caroline E. R. Lehmann
Science 5 February 2010: 642-643.
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 Taking Our Lumps

Quentin Wheeler
Science 5 February 2010: 643-644.
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 Taking Our Lumps—Response

Jim Endersby
Science 5 February 2010: 644.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 5 February 2010: 644.
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Books et al.

Microbiology
The Trouble with Trees

W. P. Hanage
Science 5 February 2010: 645-646.
Sapp explores how molecular methods have changed our understanding of microbial genetics and genomics and the large-scale relationships among microbes. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Nuclear Weapons
Fearful Distractions

David Holloway
Science 5 February 2010: 646.
Offering a revisionist perspective, Mueller argues that the importance of nuclear weapons has been vastly overrated. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 5 February 2010: 646.
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 29 January 2010. Summary »|  

Policy Forum

Ethics
Gene Doping and Sport

Theodore Friedmann, Olivier Rabin, and Mark S. Frankel
Science 5 February 2010: 647-648.
Advances in gene therapy set the stage for the next generation of illegal doping, and doping detection, in sport. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Evolution
Tinkering Inside the Organelle

Felicity Alcock, Abigail Clements, Chaille Webb, and Trevor Lithgow
Science 5 February 2010: 649-650.
Debate about eukaryote evolution includes alternate views on the processes that gave rise to mitochondria. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Physics
Splitting Spin States on a Chip

Guido Burkard
Science 5 February 2010: 650-651.
Controlling electron spins on semiconductor quantum dots with help from nuclear spins may speed up fundamental steps in quantum computing. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Physics
Seeing Quantum Fractals

Gregory A. Fiete and Alex de Lozanne
Science 5 February 2010: 652-653.
Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals indications of fractal electronic structure in a magnetic semiconductor. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Biochemistry
An Ensemble View of Allostery

Vincent J. Hilser
Science 5 February 2010: 653-654.
Proteins existing as ensembles of conformations may be key to understanding signal transduction processes. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Oceans
Iron and the Carbon Pump

William G. Sunda
Science 5 February 2010: 654-655.
Ocean acidification may reduce the biological availability of iron, affecting the ocean's ability to absorb more carbon dioxide. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Review

Development of Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells

Frederic Geissmann, Markus G. Manz, Steffen Jung, Michael H. Sieweke, Miriam Merad, and Klaus Ley
Science 5 February 2010: 656-661.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Brevia

100-GHz Transistors from Wafer-Scale Epitaxial Graphene

Y.-M. Lin, C. Dimitrakopoulos, K. A. Jenkins, D. B. Farmer, H.-Y. Chiu, A. Grill, and Ph. Avouris
Science 5 February 2010: 662.
The maximum switching frequency of these devices exceeds that of silicon transistors with similar gate-electrode dimensions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Reports

Detection of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula with AGILE

A. Pellizzoni, A. Trois, M. Tavani, M. Pilia, A. Giuliani, G. Pucella, P. Esposito, S. Sabatini, G. Piano, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, A. Bulgarelli, M. Burgay, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, A. W. Chen, V. Cocco, T. Contessi, E. Costa, F. D’Ammando, E. Del Monte, G. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, G. Di Persio, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, A. Ferrari, M. Fiorini, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, F. Gianotti, A. Hotan, C. Labanti, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, F. Longo, M. Marisaldi, M. Mastropietro, S. Mereghetti, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, L. Pacciani, J. Palfreyman, F. Perotti, P. Picozza, C. Pittori, A. Possenti, M. Prest, M. Rapisarda, A. Rappoldi, E. Rossi, A. Rubini, P. Santolamazza, E. Scalise, P. Soffitta, E. Striani, M. Trifoglio, E. Vallazza, S. Vercellone, F. Verrecchia, V. Vittorini, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, P. Giommi, S. Colafrancesco, A. Antonelli, L. Salotti, N. D’Amico, and G. F. Bignami
Science 5 February 2010: 663-665.
Published online 31 December 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1183844] (in Science Express Reports)
Pulsar wind nebulae could account for some of the yet unidentified Galactic gamma-ray sources. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Visualizing Critical Correlations Near the Metal-Insulator Transition in Ga_1-xMn_xAs

Anthony Richardella, Pedram Roushan, Shawn Mack, Brian Zhou, David A. Huse, David D. Awschalom, and Ali Yazdani
Science 5 February 2010: 665-669.
Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals the import role of electron-electron interactions in a dilute magnetic semiconductor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Coherent Beam Splitter for Electronic Spin States

J. R. Petta, H. Lu, and A. C. Gossard
Science 5 February 2010: 669-672.
A series of electrical pulses is used to demonstrate quantum control of a double quantum dot system. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Water Freezes Differently on Positively and Negatively Charged Surfaces of Pyroelectric Materials

David Ehre, Etay Lavert, Meir Lahav, and Igor Lubomirsky
Science 5 February 2010: 672-675.
Supercooled water on a surface can freeze upon heating in response to surface charge switching from negative to positive. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Effect of Ocean Acidification on Iron Availability to Marine Phytoplankton

Dalin Shi, Yan Xu, Brian M. Hopkinson, and François M. M. Morel
Science 5 February 2010: 676-679.
Published online 14 January 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1183517] (in Science Express Reports)
Ocean acidification caused by anthropogenic carbon dioxide is changing the chemistry and bioavailability of iron in seawater. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Gradual Adaptation Toward a Range-Expansion Phenotype Initiated the Global Radiation of Toads

Ines Van Bocxlaer, Simon P. Loader, Kim Roelants, S. D. Biju, Michele Menegon, and Franky Bossuyt
Science 5 February 2010: 679-682.
The range expansions and species radiations of toads required the evolution of an optimal dispersal phenotype. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Flight Orientation Behaviors Promote Optimal Migration Trajectories in High-Flying Insects

Jason W. Chapman, Rebecca L. Nesbit, Laura E. Burgin, Don R. Reynolds, Alan D. Smith, Douglas R. Middleton, and Jane K. Hill
Science 5 February 2010: 682-685.
Radar reveals that insects use high-altitude winds and correct for crosswind drift during long-range migrations. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Conformational Spread as a Mechanism for Cooperativity in the Bacterial Flagellar Switch

Fan Bai, Richard W. Branch, Dan V. Nicolau, Jr., Teuta Pilizota, Bradley C. Steel, Philip K. Maini, and Richard M. Berry
Science 5 February 2010: 685-689.
The behavior of the bacterial flagellar switch is modeled by probabilistic conformational coupling of the protein. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cryo-EM Model of the Bullet-Shaped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Peng Ge, Jun Tsao, Stan Schein, Todd J. Green, Ming Luo, and Z. Hong Zhou
Science 5 February 2010: 689-693.
The structure of a negative-strand RNA virus suggests how bullet-shaped rhabdoviruses assemble. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Abundance of Ribosomal RNA Gene Copies Maintains Genome Integrity

Satoru Ide, Takaaki Miyazaki, Hisaji Maki, and Takehiko Kobayashi
Science 5 February 2010: 693-696.
In eukaryotes, multiple copies of ribosomal DNA protect it from transcription-induced replication damage. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Evolutionary Dynamics of Complex Networks of HIV Drug-Resistant Strains: The Case of San Francisco

Robert J. Smith?, Justin T. Okano, James S. Kahn, Erin N. Bodine, and Sally Blower
Science 5 February 2010: 697-701.
Published online 14 January 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1180556] (in Science Express Reports)
Modeling of data from the U.S. indicates the potential for an epidemic wave of antiretroviral-resistant HIV. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Optimal Localization by Pointing Off Axis

Yossi Yovel, Ben Falk, Cynthia F. Moss, and Nachum Ulanovsky
Science 5 February 2010: 701-704.
Echolocating Egyptian fruit bats do not center their sonar clicks on a target, thereby maximizing localization of the target. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Axon Extension Occurs Independently of Centrosomal Microtubule Nucleation

Michael Stiess, Nicola Maghelli, Lukas C. Kapitein, Susana Gomis-Rüth, Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger, Casper C. Hoogenraad, Iva M. Tolic-Nørrelykke, and Frank Bradke
Science 5 February 2010: 704-707.
Published online 7 January 2010 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1182179] (in Science Express Reports)
Neuronal polarization and axon regeneration depend on decentralized microtubule assembly rather than a functional centrosome. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Unexpected Epoxide Formation in the Gas-Phase Photooxidation of Isoprene"

Magda Claeys
Science 5 February 2010: 644.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Response to Comment on "Unexpected Epoxide Formation in the Gas-Phase Photooxidation of Isoprene"

Fabien Paulot, John D. Crounse, Henrik G. Kjaergaard, Andreas Kürten, Jason M. St. Clair, John H. Seinfeld, and Paul O. Wennberg
Science 5 February 2010: 644.
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