Stem Cells

 Steps to the Clinic

Beverly A. Purnell and Pamela J. Hines
Science 26 June 2009: 1661.
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Perspectives

FDA Regulation of Stem Cell–Based Products

Donald W. Fink, Jr.
Science 26 June 2009: 1662-1663.
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Medical Innovation Versus Stem Cell Tourism

Olle Lindvall and Insoo Hyun
Science 26 June 2009: 1664-1665.
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Reviews

The Role of Stromal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration and Wound Repair

Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck and Hiroyuki Miyoshi
Science 26 June 2009: 1666-1669.
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The Increasing Complexity of the Cancer Stem Cell Paradigm

Jeffrey M. Rosen and Craig T. Jordan
Science 26 June 2009: 1670-1673.
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Growth Factors, Matrices, and Forces Combine and Control Stem Cells

Dennis E. Discher, David J. Mooney, and Peter W. Zandstra
Science 26 June 2009: 1673-1677.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 26 June 2009: 1613.
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Editorial:
Out With the Old, In With the New?

Roger Pedersen
Science 26 June 2009: 1617.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 26 June 2009: 1619.
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Science Podcast

Science 26 June 2009: 1735.
The show includes new draft NIH guidelines for human stem cell research, investigating the neural basis of memory, your Letters to Science, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

New Products

Science 26 June 2009: 1735.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

Biosecurity
Discovery of Untracked Pathogen Vials at Army Lab Sparks Concerns

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 26 June 2009: 1626.
More than 9200 unlisted vials of dangerous pathogens and toxins have turned up in an inventory of biological materials at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Fusion Research
ITER Gets the Nod for Slower, Step-by-Step Approach

Daniel Clery
Science 26 June 2009: 1627.
The managers of the ITER fusion project are still scrambling to draw up a final design, schedule, and cost estimate for the massive reactor. But the international partners behind the effort agreed last week to build the project in stages so engineers can make corrections if something goes awry early on. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Depression Gene
Back to the Drawing Board for Psychiatric Genetics

Constance Holden
Science 26 June 2009: 1628.
In 2003, researchers reported that a gene variant seemed to play a major role in whether people get depressed in response to life's stresses or sail through. But an exhaustive new analysis published last week in The Journal of the American Medical Association suggests that the big fish may be a minnow at best. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

International Collaboration
Bioscientists Slowly Bridge The Taiwan Strait

Dennis Normile
Science 26 June 2009: 1629.
Researchers at a recent conference in Taipei on bioscience say that the dearth of joint work among life scientists in Taiwan and the Chinese mainland is because they haven't had the chance to get to know each other yet, which was one of the objectives of the conference. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Science in Society
China Reins in Wilder Impulses in Treatment of ‘Internet Addiction’

Richard Stone
Science 26 June 2009: 1630-1631.
Although no one doubts that logging long hours on the Internet can erode quality of life and on occasion can lead to ruinous consequences, there is no meeting of the minds on whether Internet addiction is a genuine disorder. In China, the official view appears to be that Internet addiction is a genuine disorder, but attitudes are shifting about how aggressively it should be treated. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceNOW.org
From Science's Online Daily News Site

Science 26 June 2009: 1631.
Highlights from Science's online daily news site, ScienceNOW, this week include a criminal investigation tool that can be used to track sharks, atoms speeding from the moon, a fish that throws away its genes as it grows, and a yawn from the napping sun. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Biodiversity
Biodiversity Databases Spread, Prompting Unification Call

Claire Thomas
Science 26 June 2009: 1632-1633.
Scientists increasingly recognize the value of collaborative, open-access data sharing for understanding the world. But there's still a wide gap between wanting to share and figuring out how to do it right, discovered those who attended an international meeting on biodiversity this month. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceInsider
From the Science Policy Blog

Science 26 June 2009: 1633.
ScienceInsider this week reported on a U.S. government official's prediction that H1N1 flu will continue unabated during the summer and into the fall, a decision by the G8 nations to skip science at their summit meeting in Italy this month, and an interruption of clinical trials caused by procedural errors at two U.S. cancer centers, among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Random Samples

Science 26 June 2009: 1625.
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News Focus

The Brain Collector

Greg Miller
Science 26 June 2009: 1634-1636.
Jacopo Annese plans to create an open-access digital brain library—starting with the most famous amnesic patient of all time. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

Microbiology
Antibiotics in Nature: Beyond Biological Warfare

Christine Mlot
Science 26 June 2009: 1637-1639.
A body of evidence emerges that the infection-quelling miracle drugs of biomedicine play more basic roles in the metabolism of microbial communities. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Space Weather Forecasting
Are We Ready for the Next Solar Maximum? No Way, Say Scientists

Richard A. Kerr
Science 26 June 2009: 1640-1641.
Forecasters testing their skills against the sun's mounting ferocity find themselves still in the early days of space weather prediction. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases

Abdallah S. Daar, Elizabeth G. Nabel, Stig K. Pramming, Warwick Anderson, Alain Beaudet, Depei Liu, V. M. Katoch, Leszek K. Borysiewicz, Roger I. Glass, and John Bell
Science 26 June 2009: 1642.
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 Current Brazilian Law on Animal Experimentation

Carlos José Saldanha Machado, Ana Tereza, Pinto Filipecki, and Márcia Teixeira
Science 26 June 2009: 1643-1644.
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 Creationist Beliefs in Europe

Pierre Clément and Marie-Pierre Quessada
Science 26 June 2009: 1644.
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 Sex in Leishmania

Petr Volf and Jovana Sadlova
Science 26 June 2009: 1644.
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Books et al.

Human Evolution
Caring Cooperators

Gillian R. Brown
Science 26 June 2009: 1646-1647.
Hrdy argues that human capacity for understanding arose from the cooperative nature of our "complicated and contingent form of childrearing." Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Sociology
Buying So Children Belong

Sandra L. Hofferth
Science 26 June 2009: 1647.
Exploring what buying means to children and their parents, Pugh discusses why parents participate in the commercialization of childhood even as they decry it. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 26 June 2009: 1647.
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 19 June 2009. Summary »|  

Policy Forum

Research Ethics
The NIH Draft Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research

Mary A. Majumder and Cynthia B. Cohen
Science 26 June 2009: 1648-1649.
New guidelines have positive aspects, but challenges remain in relation to previously approved stem cell lines, informed consent, oversight, and research embryos. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

Education Forum

Information Technology
Innovating Education in Croatia

Dragan Primorac
Science 26 June 2009: 1650.
Reforms that are raising the quality of IT in Croatian science and education aim to create a knowledge-based society. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Microbiology
Seeing Green and Red in Diatom Genomes

Tal Dagan and William Martin
Science 26 June 2009: 1651-1652.
Diatom genomes contain remnants of both green and red algal genomes, hinting at a complex evolutionary past. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Evolution
Auxin at the Evo-Devo Intersection

William E. Friedman
Science 26 June 2009: 1652-1653.
The female gametophyte of flowering plants may have evolved through iteration of a modular structure and a gradient of the hormone auxin. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Developmental Biology
Phase Transition in a Cell

Loïc Le Goff and Thomas Lecuit
Science 26 June 2009: 1654-1655.
The polarized distribution of P granules in a worm embryo is achieved, not by movement of the granules, but by a condensation process. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Chemistry
Rate Control and Reaction Engineering

J. K. Nørskov, T. Bligaard, and J. Kleis
Science 26 June 2009: 1655-1656.
A concept for evaluating the relative importance of steps in complex reactions may guide the development of better catalysts. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Computer Science
Building an Open Cloud

Michael R. Nelson
Science 26 June 2009: 1656-1657.
As the Internet is increasingly used not only for communication but also for computing, issues of protocol, security, and openness need to be addressed. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 26 June 2009: 1658-1659.
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Review

Competitive Interactions Between Cells: Death, Growth, and Geography

Laura A. Johnston
Science 26 June 2009: 1679-1682.
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Brevia

Elevated CO₂ Enhances Otolith Growth in Young Fish

David M. Checkley, Jr., Andrew G. Dickson, Motomitsu Takahashi, J. Adam Radich, Nadine Eisenkolb, and Rebecca Asch
Science 26 June 2009: 1683.
Acidification of the oceans may have unexpected effects on the development of bony structures in fish larvae. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Auxin-Dependent Patterning and Gamete Specification in the Arabidopsis Female Gametophyte

Gabriela C. Pagnussat, Monica Alandete-Saez, John L. Bowman, and Venkatesan Sundaresan
Science 26 June 2009: 1684-1689.
Published online 4 June 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1167324] (in Science Express Research Articles)
An auxin gradient is involved in cell fate specification of the female sex cells in flowering plants. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Extending Universal Nodal Excitations Optimizes Superconductivity in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈₊

Aakash Pushp, Colin V. Parker, Abhay N. Pasupathy, Kenjiro K. Gomes, Shimpei Ono, Jinsheng Wen, Zhijun Xu, Genda Gu, and Ali Yazdani
Science 26 June 2009: 1689-1693.
Published online 4 June 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1174338] (in Science Express Reports)
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals strong electronic correlations in the insulating state of a cuprate superconductor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

High-Resolution NMR in Magnetic Fields with Unknown Spatiotemporal Variations

Philippe Pelupessy, Enrico Rennella, and Geoffrey Bodenhausen
Science 26 June 2009: 1693-1697.
A coherence transfer method overcomes disruptions to nuclear magnetic resonance spectra by magnetic field fluctuations. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

White Phosphorus Is Air-Stable Within a Self-Assembled Tetrahedral Capsule

Prasenjit Mal, Boris Breiner, Kari Rissanen, and Jonathan R. Nitschke
Science 26 June 2009: 1697-1699.
A molecular cage keeps phosphorus from igniting in air, yet releases it easily for reactions when benzene is added. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Trapping Molecules on a Chip

Samuel A. Meek, Horst Conrad, and Gerard Meijer
Science 26 June 2009: 1699-1702.
Trapping a beam of carbon monoxide molecules onto a chip should enable fundamental studies of chemical dynamics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Amplified Trace Gas Removal in the Troposphere

Andreas Hofzumahaus, Franz Rohrer, Keding Lu, Birger Bohn, Theo Brauers, Chih-Chung Chang, Hendrik Fuchs, Frank Holland, Kazuyuki Kita, Yutaka Kondo, Xin Li, Shengrong Lou, Min Shao, Limin Zeng, Andreas Wahner, and Yuanhang Zhang
Science 26 June 2009: 1702-1704.
Published online 4 June 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1164566] (in Science Express Reports)
A yet undescribed pathway for hydroxyl radical production is needed to account for reaction rates of highly polluted air. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Postmating Sexual Selection Favors Males That Sire Offspring with Low Fitness

Trine Bilde, Anne Foged, Nadia Schilling, and Göran Arnqvist
Science 26 June 2009: 1705-1706.
Multiple mating in beetles may not benefit females, as sexually antagonistic evolution may be at work. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dynamic Signaling Network for the Specification of Embryonic Pancreas and Liver Progenitors

Ewa Wandzioch and Kenneth S. Zaret
Science 26 June 2009: 1707-1710.
During mammalian development, networks of signals coordinate cell-type programming into specific organs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

MicroRNA-92a Controls Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery of Ischemic Tissues in Mice

Angelika Bonauer, Guillaume Carmona, Masayoshi Iwasaki, Marina Mione, Masamichi Koyanagi, Ariane Fischer, Jana Burchfield, Henrik Fox, Carmen Doebele, Kisho Ohtani, Emmanouil Chavakis, Michael Potente, Marc Tjwa, Carmen Urbich, Andreas M. Zeiher, and Stefanie Dimmeler
Science 26 June 2009: 1710-1713.
Published online 21 May 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1174381] (in Science Express Reports)
Inhibition of a microRNA that represses blood vessel growth enhances the recovery of tissue damaged by an inadequate blood supply. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Mitochondrial STAT3 Supports Ras-Dependent Oncogenic Transformation

Daniel J. Gough, Alicia Corlett, Karni Schlessinger, Joanna Wegrzyn, Andrew C. Larner, and David E. Levy
Science 26 June 2009: 1713-1716.
A transcription factor promotes the transformation of cells by the Ras oncogene only when present in the mitochondrion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Synthetic Heterochromatin Bypasses RNAi and Centromeric Repeats to Establish Functional Centromeres

Alexander Kagansky, Hernan Diego Folco, Ricardo Almeida, Alison L. Pidoux, Abdelhalim Boukaba, Femke Simmer, Takeshi Urano, Georgina L. Hamilton, and Robin C. Allshire
Science 26 June 2009: 1716-1719.
A tethered methyltransferase induces the tight packing of DNA, the formation of a kinetochore, and chromosome segregation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Diversity and Complexity in DNA Recognition by Transcription Factors

Gwenael Badis, Michael F. Berger, Anthony A. Philippakis, Shaheynoor Talukder, Andrew R. Gehrke, Savina A. Jaeger, Esther T. Chan, Genita Metzler, Anastasia Vedenko, Xiaoyu Chen, Hanna Kuznetsov, Chi-Fong Wang, David Coburn, Daniel E. Newburger, Quaid Morris, Timothy R. Hughes, and Martha L. Bulyk
Science 26 June 2009: 1720-1723.
Published online 14 May 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1162327] (in Science Express Reports)
A broad survey of transcription factors reveals that related proteins can have multiple and differing DNA binding specificities. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genomic Footprints of a Cryptic Plastid Endosymbiosis in Diatoms

Ahmed Moustafa, Bánk Beszteri, Uwe G. Maier, Chris Bowler, Klaus Valentin, and Debashish Bhattacharya
Science 26 June 2009: 1724-1726.
The genomes of early plant representatives are composites, with a substantial number of foreign genes from red and green algae. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure of Membrane-Integral Diacylglycerol Kinase

Wade D. Van Horn, Hak-Jun Kim, Charles D. Ellis, Arina Hadziselimovic, Endah S. Sulistijo, Murthy D. Karra, Changlin Tian, Frank D. Sönnichsen, and Charles R. Sanders
Science 26 June 2009: 1726-1729.
Mutations reveal the distribution of sequence changes that alter folding and affect function in a membrane-bound enzyme. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Germline P Granules Are Liquid Droplets That Localize by Controlled Dissolution/Condensation

Clifford P. Brangwynne, Christian R. Eckmann, David S. Courson, Agata Rybarska, Carsten Hoege, Jöbin Gharakhani, Frank Jülicher, and Anthony A. Hyman
Science 26 June 2009: 1729-1732.
Published online 21 May 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1172046] (in Science Express Reports)
Localization of RNA and protein-rich germ-cell granules occurs by controlled dissolution and condensation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ventral Tegmental Area BDNF Induces an Opiate-Dependent–Like Reward State in Naïve Rats

Hector Vargas-Perez, Ryan Ting-A-Kee, Christine H. Walton, D. Micah Hansen, Rozita Razavi, Laura Clarke, Mary Rose Bufalino, David W. Allison, Scott C. Steffensen, and Derek van der Kooy
Science 26 June 2009: 1732-1734.
Published online 28 May 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1168501] (in Science Express Reports)
A growth factor involved in neuronal plasticity alters neurons in a specific area of the brain after chronic exposure to opioid drugs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|