This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 30 October 2009: 639.
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Editorial:
Beyond Climate Science

Eric J. Barron
Science 30 October 2009: 643.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 30 October 2009: 644.
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Science Podcast

Science 30 October 2009: 737.
The show includes pandemic H1N1 and the 2009 Hajj, the contribution of inherited wealth to economic inequality, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

New Products

Science 30 October 2009: 737.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

Scientific Misconduct
Hwang Convicted But Dodges Jail; Stem Cell Research Has Moved On

Dennis Normile
Science 30 October 2009: 650-651.
Disgraced stem cell scientist Woo Suk Hwang was handed a 2-year suspended prison sentence on 26 October for embezzlement and bioethics law violations. And the scientific community seemed to just shrug. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Scientific Misconduct
Timeline of Events

Science 30 October 2009: 650.
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Energy Research
DOE Gives $151 Million to ‘Out-of-Box’ Research

Eli Kintisch
Science 30 October 2009: 651.
Three days after President Barack Obama told a Massachusetts Institute of Technology audience that he would lead the country into a "new frontier" of clean energy research, a fledgling federal agency made a $151 million down payment on that promise. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

HIV/AIDS Research
Beyond Thailand: Making Sense of a Qualified AIDS Vaccine "Success"

Jon Cohen
Science 30 October 2009: 652-653.
Since researchers announced on 24 September that an AIDS vaccine trial had positive results for the first time in history, the debate over whether the results were real has largely given way to intense discussions about how to build on this surprising finding. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceNOW.org
From Science's Online Daily News Site

Science 30 October 2009: 653.
ScienceNOW reported this week on gene therapy that helps blind children see, why naked mole rats don't get cancer, why fish and red wine don't mix, and how to cut carbon emissions one house at a time, among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

U.S. Stem Work Force
Study Finds Science Pipeline Strong, But Losing Top Students

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 30 October 2009: 654.
A new study finds little evidence for leaks in the U.S. pipeline for producing native-born scientists except for a steep drop in the percentage of the highest performing students taking science and engineering jobs. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

U.S. Stem Education
Obama's Science Advisers Look at Reform of Schools

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 30 October 2009: 654.
Confident that its opinions will be welcomed by the Obama Administration, the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) has launched a study of how best to improve U.S. science education. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Paleoanthropology
Signs of Early Homo sapiens in China?

Richard Stone
Science 30 October 2009: 655.
A fresh find of human fossils claimed to be more than 100,000 years old challenges the prevailing view that our ancestors peopled the world in a migration out of Africa late in the last Ice Age, Chinese scientists say. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceInsider
From the Science Policy Blog

Science 30 October 2009: 655.
ScienceInsider broke the story this week that the Department of Energy may extend by 1 year the operations of Fermilab's Tevatron. Other highlights include the final report of the blue-ribbon panel on the future of U.S. human space exploration, which suggested, as expected, that NASA should extend shuttle launches into 2011. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Random Samples

Science 30 October 2009: 649.
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News Focus

2009 Nobels: Break or Breakthrough for Women?

Science 30 October 2009: 656-658.
Until this month, women had never won more than one Nobel science prize in a single year. This year's quartet of laureates talk about what their success might mean for science and society. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Profile: Chewang Norphel
Glacier Man

Gaia Vince
Science 30 October 2009: 659-661.
A retired civil engineer battles climate change in the Himalayas, building artificial glaciers that provide irrigation water to mountain villages. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Climate Change
Hot, Flat, Crowded—And Preparing for the Worst

Mason Inman
Science 30 October 2009: 662-663.
In a clarion call to other developing nations, Bangladesh is girding itself against the hazards of a warmer world Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Too Sanitary for Vultures

José A. Donázar, Antoni Margalida, Martina Carrete, and José A. Sánchez-Zapata
Science 30 October 2009: 664.
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 Underestimating Energy

John Kunz, Tobias Maile, and Vladimir Bazjanac
Science 30 October 2009: 664-665.
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 Nutrient Imbalances: Follow the Waste

Thomas H. Deluca
Science 30 October 2009: 665.
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 Nutrient Imbalances: Pollution Remains

Jose Albiac
Science 30 October 2009: 665.
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 Response—Nutrient Imbalances

P. M. Vitousek, R. Naylor, T. Crews, M. B. David, L. E. Drinkwater, E. Holland, P. J. Johnes, J. Katzenberger, L. A. Martinelli, P. A. Matson, G. Nziguheba, D. Ojima, C. A. Palm, G. P. Robertson, P. A. Sanchez, A. R. Townsend, and F. S. Zhang
Science 30 October 2009: 665-666.
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Books et al.

Cell Biology
The Unit of Life

Helen Pickersgill
Science 30 October 2009: 668-669.
Drawing from 30 years of amiable correspondence with his high school calculus teacher, Strogatz demonstrates the joys to be found in doing mathematics. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Mathematics
Correspondence in Flux

Brie Finegold
Science 30 October 2009: 669.
Wolpert offers lay readers a short, wide-ranging introduction to cell biology. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 30 October 2009: 669.
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 23 October 2009. Summary »|  

Policy Forum

Science and Regulation
The Electronics Revolution: From E-Wonderland to E-Wasteland

Oladele A. Ogunseitan, Julie M. Schoenung, Jean-Daniel M. Saphores, and Andrew A. Shapiro
Science 30 October 2009: 670-671.
Discarded electronics present serious threats to health and ecosystems, making e-waste regulations a policy priority. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Atmospheric Science
Clean the Air, Heat the Planet?

Almut Arneth, Nadine Unger, Markku Kulmala, and Meinrat O. Andreae
Science 30 October 2009: 672-673.
Measures to control emissions of air pollutants may have unintended climatic consequences. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Chemistry
The Basics of Zinc Activation

Ilan Marek
Science 30 October 2009: 673-674.
The stubborn carbon-hydrogen bonds of an organic compound can be replaced by more reactive carbon-zinc bonds. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Climate Change
Clean Air for Megacities

David D. Parrish and Tong Zhu
Science 30 October 2009: 674-675.
Air pollution in megacities has severe health impacts, but its control could provide opportunities for climate change mitigation. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Cell Biology
An Ancient Gauge for Iron

Tracey A. Rouault
Science 30 October 2009: 676-677.
A protein with a domain that binds to oxygen and iron acts as a sensor to control iron metabolism in human cells. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Biochemistry
Leaps in Translational Elongation

Anders Liljas
Science 30 October 2009: 677-678.
Published online 15 October 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1181511] (in Science Express Perspectives)
Electron microscopic and crystallographic studies shed light on key steps in the protein synthesis process in ribosomes. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Economics
Foundations of Societal Inequality

Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson
Science 30 October 2009: 678-679.
The degree to which economic success is passed through generations and the ability of societies to generate wealth depend on their institutions and social arrangements. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 30 October 2009: 680.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

10-GHz Self-Referenced Optical Frequency Comb

Albrecht Bartels, Dirk Heinecke, and Scott A. Diddams
Science 30 October 2009: 681.
A laser that emits lines every 10 gigahertz can be used for frequency calibration in spectroscopy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Intergenerational Wealth Transmission and the Dynamics of Inequality in Small-Scale Societies

Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, Samuel Bowles, Tom Hertz, Adrian Bell, Jan Beise, Greg Clark, Ila Fazzio, Michael Gurven, Kim Hill, Paul L. Hooper, William Irons, Hillard Kaplan, Donna Leonetti, Bobbi Low, Frank Marlowe, Richard McElreath, Suresh Naidu, David Nolin, Patrizio Piraino, Rob Quinlan, Eric Schniter, Rebecca Sear, Mary Shenk, Eric Alden Smith, Christopher von Rueden, and Polly Wiessner
Science 30 October 2009: 682-688.
Some types of wealth are strongly inherited and, hence, contribute to long-term economic inequality. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

The Crystal Structure of the Ribosome Bound to EF-Tu and Aminoacyl-tRNA

T. Martin Schmeing, Rebecca M. Voorhees, Ann C. Kelley, Yong-Gui Gao, Frank V. Murphy, IV, John R. Weir, and V. Ramakrishnan
Science 30 October 2009: 688-694.
Published online 15 October 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1179700] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Crystal structures of the ribosome bound to elongation factors provide insights into translocation and decoding. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Movie »|  Podcast Interview »|  

The Structure of the Ribosome with Elongation Factor G Trapped in the Posttranslocational State

Yong-Gui Gao, Maria Selmer, Christine M. Dunham, Albert Weixlbaumer, Ann C. Kelley, and V. Ramakrishnan
Science 30 October 2009: 694-699.
Published online 15 October 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1179709] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Crystal structures of the ribosome bound to elongation factors provide insights into translocation and decoding. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

High-Temperature Superconductivity in a Single Copper-Oxygen Plane

G. Logvenov, A. Gozar, and I. Bozovic
Science 30 October 2009: 699-702.
Interfaces of oxide metals and insulators confine a superconducting state to one copper oxide plane. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reconstruction of Molecular Orbital Densities from Photoemission Data

Peter Puschnig, Stephen Berkebile, Alexander J. Fleming, Georg Koller, Konstantin Emtsev, Thomas Seyller, John D. Riley, Claudia Ambrosch-Draxl, Falko P. Netzer, and Michael G. Ramsey
Science 30 October 2009: 702-706.
Published online 10 September 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1176105] (in Science Express Reports)
Maps of photoelectron momentum can reveal the orbital geometries of aromatic molecules adsorbed on surfaces. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Synergic Sedation of Sensitive Anions: Alkali-Mediated Zincation of Cyclic Ethers and Ethene

Alan R. Kennedy, Jan Klett, Robert E. Mulvey, and Dominic S. Wright
Science 30 October 2009: 706-708.
Tandem coordination by zinc and an alkali metal increases the reactivity of carbon-hydrogen bonds of organic molecules. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

4D Nanoscale Diffraction Observed by Convergent-Beam Ultrafast Electron Microscopy

Aycan Yurtsever and Ahmed H. Zewail
Science 30 October 2009: 708-712.
Focusing an ultrashort electron pulse enables dynamic structural probing of materials that have nanoscale heterogeneity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

A Late Archean Sulfidic Sea Stimulated by Early Oxidative Weathering of the Continents

Christopher T. Reinhard, Rob Raiswell, Clint Scott, Ariel D. Anbar, and Timothy W. Lyons
Science 30 October 2009: 713-716.
Before Earth’s atmosphere became oxidizing, the oceans may have been sulfide-rich while receiving periodic pulses of iron. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions

Drew T. Shindell, Greg Faluvegi, Dorothy M. Koch, Gavin A. Schmidt, Nadine Unger, and Susanne E. Bauer
Science 30 October 2009: 716-718.
Chemical interactions between atmospheric gases and aerosols modify the global warming impacts of emissions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Control of Iron Homeostasis by an Iron-Regulated Ubiquitin Ligase

Ajay A. Vashisht, Kimberly B. Zumbrennen, Xinhua Huang, David N. Powers, Armando Durazo, Dahui Sun, Nimesh Bhaskaran, Anja Persson, Mathias Uhlen, Olle Sangfelt, Charles Spruck, Elizabeth A. Leibold, and James A. Wohlschlegel
Science 30 October 2009: 718-721.
Published online 17 September 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1176333] (in Science Express Reports)
A vertebrate hemerythrin domain in an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex senses and regulates cellular iron levels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

An E3 Ligase Possessing an Iron-Responsive Hemerythrin Domain Is a Regulator of Iron Homeostasis

Ameen A. Salahudeen, Joel W. Thompson, Julio C. Ruiz, He-Wen Ma, Lisa N. Kinch, Qiming Li, Nick V. Grishin, and Richard K. Bruick
Science 30 October 2009: 722-726.
Published online 17 September 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1176326] (in Science Express Reports)
A vertebrate hemerythrin domain in an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex senses and regulates cellular iron levels. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Quantifying the Impact of Immune Escape on Transmission Dynamics of Influenza

Andrew W. Park, Janet M. Daly, Nicola S. Lewis, Derek J. Smith, James L. N. Wood, and Bryan T. Grenfell
Science 30 October 2009: 726-728.
Modeling equine influenza reveals how epidemics originate in amino acid evolution to escape immunity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Transmissibility and Control of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus

Yang Yang, Jonathan D. Sugimoto, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Nicole E. Basta, Dennis L. Chao, Laura Matrajt, Gail Potter, Eben Kenah, and Ira M. Longini, Jr.
Science 30 October 2009: 729-733.
Published online 10 September 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1177373] (in Science Express Reports)
A detailed picture of the pandemic potential of swine-origin influenza offers guidance for effective mitigation strategies. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Hemagglutinin Receptor Binding Avidity Drives Influenza A Virus Antigenic Drift

Scott E. Hensley, Suman R. Das, Adam L. Bailey, Loren M. Schmidt, Heather D. Hickman, Akila Jayaraman, Karthik Viswanathan, Rahul Raman, Ram Sasisekharan, Jack R. Bennink, and Jonathan W. Yewdell
Science 30 October 2009: 734-736.
Viruses escape antibody responses by changing surface protein structures to increase the strength of binding to host cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|